Theory of Special Relativity hi 1905 a Albert Einstein a hmuhchhuah a ni a . He theory hian object thenkhat nghet(mumal) tak leh ngil taka a kal emaw a chet hian space leh time in thlunzawmna a hrilfiah ber a. He theory hian a huam zinga lar ber pakhat chu Speed of Light emaw, object thenkhat Speed of Light tluka che te a ni.
He theory ina a hmuh chhuah pakhat chu, object enge maw chu Eng anga chakin thlawk ta se, a mass kha infinite(tawp chin neilo) a lo ni tawh a, eng aiin a thlawk chak theilo a ni.
Hei vang hian, he kan universe a speed chak ber chu Eng hi a nih theihna chhan ber chu he theory vang hi a ni.
He theory ina a hmuh chhuah pakhat chu, object enge maw chu Eng anga chakin thlawk ta se, a mass kha infinite(tawp chin neilo) a lo ni tawh a, eng aiin a thlawk chak theilo a ni.
Hei vang hian, he kan universe a speed chak ber chu Eng hi a nih theihna chhan ber chu he theory vang hi a ni.
HISTORY
Albert Einstein a hma lam hi chuan, van lam zir mi te hian Newtonian Laws, Isaac Newton’an 1686 a “Three Laws of Motion” a chhawpchhuah ang khan an zir thina :- chung Law 3 ten an rawt ber chu:-
(1) Thil enge maw a lo che(emaw a chawl) ta a, kha thil(object) kha pawnlam(external) atanga chakna(force) in a rawn ti danglam lo a nih chuan a che (emaw a chawl) reng a ni.
(2) Force(Chakna) chu thil a chet dan (momentum) danglamna ang zela hun a danglam dan kha a mil chiah a, mass nghet/chatlak lo ah chuan, Force khan mass leh Chakna/ranna(Acceleration) kha a tluk vet hung a ni. F=ma.
(3) Thil chet dan(Action) engkimah hian, a milpui leh a kalh zawngaw sawhkhawk(reaction) a awm vek a ni.
Einsteina rawn lan hma kha chuan, Heng theory te hi a enge maw laiah fel hlehna a awm niin a lang a, kum 1865 ah Physicist James Clerk Maxwell khan Eng hi thil in vai(wave) ni in, electrical leh magnetic component a nei a ni a ti a, Eng chak zawng chu Second khatah mel 1,86,000 laia chain a thlawk thei a ti a ni. Scientist te chuan eng lo chhuahna bul ber pawh an chhui lai niin, eng chu enge maw tisa leh tisa nilo inkar “ether” atanga rawn chhuak niin an ngai nghe2 a ni.
(1) Thil enge maw a lo che(emaw a chawl) ta a, kha thil(object) kha pawnlam(external) atanga chakna(force) in a rawn ti danglam lo a nih chuan a che (emaw a chawl) reng a ni.
(2) Force(Chakna) chu thil a chet dan (momentum) danglamna ang zela hun a danglam dan kha a mil chiah a, mass nghet/chatlak lo ah chuan, Force khan mass leh Chakna/ranna(Acceleration) kha a tluk vet hung a ni. F=ma.
(3) Thil chet dan(Action) engkimah hian, a milpui leh a kalh zawngaw sawhkhawk(reaction) a awm vek a ni.
Einsteina rawn lan hma kha chuan, Heng theory te hi a enge maw laiah fel hlehna a awm niin a lang a, kum 1865 ah Physicist James Clerk Maxwell khan Eng hi thil in vai(wave) ni in, electrical leh magnetic component a nei a ni a ti a, Eng chak zawng chu Second khatah mel 1,86,000 laia chain a thlawk thei a ti a ni. Scientist te chuan eng lo chhuahna bul ber pawh an chhui lai niin, eng chu enge maw tisa leh tisa nilo inkar “ether” atanga rawn chhuak niin an ngai nghe2 a ni.
Ti chuan kum 20 lai a lo vei ta a, American Scientist pahnih,AA Michelson leh Edward Morley te chuan eng chungchangah thil hmuh chhuah an nei a, khawvel chet(vir) dan leh eng chet dan te chhutin, eng ang pawn khawvel hi vir mahse Eng kal chak zawng chu a ngai reng an ti a ni.
He an thil hmuh chhuah hian Mach leh Poincare te Classical Mechanics a rawn deng deuh dawt a tih theih awm e,,Classical Mechanics leh Speed of light ah in tulo a awm tihna a ni.
Einstein hian kum 16 mi lek a nih atangin Eng chungchang hi a ngaih ven hle a, a ngaihtuahna in a chhut ve neuh2 a, a theih ang tawking, Eng zungzam pahnih a lama lo kal te zirin, ngaihtuah na nasa tak a hmang thin a ni. He case ah hian, Classical Physics chuan, he eng zungzam pahnih hi Relative(in kungkaih) Zero niin a chhut a, mahse, Maxwell a equatoion erawh a kalh leh si a ni. Relative Speed chungchanga thil buaithlak pakhat chu, Laws of Electromagnetism kha, I din(enna) na hmun that dan (vantage point) azirin a dang lam thei tlat maia, chu chuan Classical Physics(khawi atang pawhin a inmil tur a ni) tih kha a kalh leh chiah bawk a ni.
He an thil hmuh chhuah hian Mach leh Poincare te Classical Mechanics a rawn deng deuh dawt a tih theih awm e,,Classical Mechanics leh Speed of light ah in tulo a awm tihna a ni.
Einstein hian kum 16 mi lek a nih atangin Eng chungchang hi a ngaih ven hle a, a ngaihtuahna in a chhut ve neuh2 a, a theih ang tawking, Eng zungzam pahnih a lama lo kal te zirin, ngaihtuah na nasa tak a hmang thin a ni. He case ah hian, Classical Physics chuan, he eng zungzam pahnih hi Relative(in kungkaih) Zero niin a chhut a, mahse, Maxwell a equatoion erawh a kalh leh si a ni. Relative Speed chungchanga thil buaithlak pakhat chu, Laws of Electromagnetism kha, I din(enna) na hmun that dan (vantage point) azirin a dang lam thei tlat maia, chu chuan Classical Physics(khawi atang pawhin a inmil tur a ni) tih kha a kalh leh chiah bawk a ni.
Heng Physics problem neuh2 avang hian, Einstein khan Special Relativity hi a ron chhui ta! A tih theih ang. A nitin nunah thil chetdan te a zir thina, Train tlan lai bula mi ding te leh rel tlan lai kha point ah lain, kha point kha thingkung pahnih inkara ding ni ta se, kha thingkung kha hun in ang rengah trekin rawn deng ta se, rel chhunga mi te hmuhdan leh Rel kawng bula ding te hmuh dan(hun) kha a inmil lo thei a ni, tiin Einstein chuan “Thil thleng pakhat kkha, a thlirtu te dinhmun a zirin a (spacetime) a in anglo thei a ni”..”hun hi thil chetdan(motion) leh hlat zawng(distance) a zirin,a tawngtu te ah a in anglo thei a ni” a ti a ni.
E=MC2
Science a equation lar ber tia sawi theih chu E=MC2 hi a ni. He equation in a zirtir chu, E(Energy) leh M(Mass) hi thil inpe tawn thei, emaw,in kar thlak thei (interchangeable) , thil pakhat nih dan in anglo mai a niin, mass hi energy ah chan tir ta I la, kha mass ah khan energy engzat nge in phum ru tih a hriat theih a(Atom bomb angte pawh entirna tha tak a ni).
He equation ina a hmuhchhuah pakhat chu, speed chakah mass a pung ve zel a, Eng tluk dawn zeta chaka thil a chet chuan, a mass a tam lutuk avangin eng aiin a kal chak theilo tihna ani. Eng hi Eng chakna tluka a kal theih chhan chu, Eng siamtu kha quantum particle Photons niin,ka particle khan Mass = 0 a neih vang a ni.
Mahse, thil pakhat, Quantumn Mechanics leh Special Relativity in hmuh fuh lohna pakhat chu, Quantumn Entanglement a ni. He theory ah hi chuan, particles te hi an in pawtin an in nam thei bawka, thil liantham ho pawh gravity in a nghawng ang deuh hi a ni. Particles te tak te2 chu a in engtangle(awk/chingchivet) ta a, he thil thleng avang hian Quantumn mechanics hi unpredictable( a nih phung sawi lawk theih loh) a lo ni ta a, Quantumn Entanglement ah hian particles te hi Eng chakna aia chakin a in entangle theih vang a ni.
Albert Einstein khan he thil avang hian Quantumn Physics hi a ngaih nep phah a, “god doesn’t Play dice with the universe”( Natural Laws hian dice a khel lo” ti tein a sawia, a chhan nan Physicist Neil Borh khan “Einstein,don’t tell god what to do”(Einstein, Laws of Universe te hi an tih tur hrilh suh) a ti ve sak bawk ani.
Mahse, thil pakhat, Quantumn Mechanics leh Special Relativity in hmuh fuh lohna pakhat chu, Quantumn Entanglement a ni. He theory ah hi chuan, particles te hi an in pawtin an in nam thei bawka, thil liantham ho pawh gravity in a nghawng ang deuh hi a ni. Particles te tak te2 chu a in engtangle(awk/chingchivet) ta a, he thil thleng avang hian Quantumn mechanics hi unpredictable( a nih phung sawi lawk theih loh) a lo ni ta a, Quantumn Entanglement ah hian particles te hi Eng chakna aia chakin a in entangle theih vang a ni.
Albert Einstein khan he thil avang hian Quantumn Physics hi a ngaih nep phah a, “god doesn’t Play dice with the universe”( Natural Laws hian dice a khel lo” ti tein a sawia, a chhan nan Physicist Neil Borh khan “Einstein,don’t tell god what to do”(Einstein, Laws of Universe te hi an tih tur hrilh suh) a ti ve sak bawk ani.
Special Relativity in a nemngheh pakhat chu, Hun hi a thlirtu emaw a turtu nen a inkungkaih tlat a ni a ti. A awmzia chu, thil ding reng(object at rest) aiin thil che reng(moving object) chu a naupang zawk tihna a ni. He thil hi 2015-2016 a, Astronaut Scott Kelly, International Space Station a kum khat dawn a awm hnua khawvela a rawn haw leh khan a phir unaupa aiin a naupang zawk tih hmuh chhuah a ni. Tichuan, NASA in a chhut dan chuan, Eng tluk dawna chakin kum 15 mi hi Spacecraft ah kum 5 chuang ta se,a lo kir leh chuan kum 20 mi niin a lang anga, khawvela a rualpui te kha chu kum 65 vel anlo ni daih tawh dawn a ni. He Time Dilation hi a theoretical mah2 te pawh inti maithei, practically in kan nitin nunah a thleng reng tho si a ni. Eintirnan:- I motor ah GPS I lo pawt ta a, kha I GPS a signal peturin Satelite pathum vel a in rawlh a, GPS satellite in Time Radio Signal a pek chhuah kha I GPS Receiver in a lo dawng ta a, GPS satellite a Atonic Clock kha lei lama I GPS clock aiin a kal chak zawka, hei vang hian Engineer te pawn GPS a Time hi,Lei lam leh Vanlam time nen a inmil theih nan an adjust thin a ni.
Van lama sana kha a vir chak zawk na chhan chu, Lei chungah awmin, gravity a tuar nep zawka, lei leh van lama hunk ha 38 microseconds velin a in thlau a ni, tiin, scientist te chuan an chhut a ni.
Van lama sana kha a vir chak zawk na chhan chu, Lei chungah awmin, gravity a tuar nep zawka, lei leh van lama hunk ha 38 microseconds velin a in thlau a ni, tiin, scientist te chuan an chhut a ni.
RELATIVITY & QUANTUMN MECHANICS
Physics hian hma a sawn hle tawh tih kan hre theuh ang, hma sawn zel mahse, kan Theory neih that ber2 pahnih, Relativity leh Quantumn Mechanics hian inmil lohna lai a nei tlat a ni. Relativity hi thil lian tham, van lam zirna, arsi leh planet te, galaxy chet dan te, an lend an leh zia rang te zir nan a tha em2 a,thil che/kal chak tak2 ah te, Newtonian Mechanics luah lan tu a ni, quantum mechanics pawh thil te tak te2, particle khawvel ah chuan a fuh leh em2 si a ani. An mahni field ah chuan an ropui dun a tih loh theih loh.
Einsteina Special relativity hi Eng anga chak atanga ke a kal chak dan thengin,a relative a ni tih dik takin hmuchhuah a ni a, Quantumn Mechanics pawh Quantumn particles an tehna hrang2ah a hman tlak zia hmuh chhuah a ni bawk. Amaherawh chu, Paul Dirac’an Relativistic Quantumn Mechanics(RQM) equation a siam atang ten, he thil pahnih in mil lohna hmuhchhuah te a lo ni ta a. Entirna pe ta I la:- Relativity ah chuan. Point 1 & 2 I lo siam ta a, eng ang pon kha point kha in nhnaih mahse, khawi zawk nge veilamah awma khawi zawk nge dinglama awm a hriat theih a ni. Quantumn mechanics ah chuan, a particle inhnamhnawih kha a tet em avangin, left-right kha a predict ve theih loh a ni.
A dang leh chu Information Paradox kha a ni a, Quantumn Field theory in min kawh hmun dan chuan, quantum fields te hian chakna thahrui tam tak an keng tela, a field a len leh a energy ken tel kha a chak ve zel a ni, E=MC2 ah khan, Mass leh Energy hi a in zat tih a ni a, thil lian tham lutuk ah phei chuan,a quantum field a chakna kha a tam lutuk avangin Black Hole a siam thei a ni.
Einsteina Special relativity hi Eng anga chak atanga ke a kal chak dan thengin,a relative a ni tih dik takin hmuchhuah a ni a, Quantumn Mechanics pawh Quantumn particles an tehna hrang2ah a hman tlak zia hmuh chhuah a ni bawk. Amaherawh chu, Paul Dirac’an Relativistic Quantumn Mechanics(RQM) equation a siam atang ten, he thil pahnih in mil lohna hmuhchhuah te a lo ni ta a. Entirna pe ta I la:- Relativity ah chuan. Point 1 & 2 I lo siam ta a, eng ang pon kha point kha in nhnaih mahse, khawi zawk nge veilamah awma khawi zawk nge dinglama awm a hriat theih a ni. Quantumn mechanics ah chuan, a particle inhnamhnawih kha a tet em avangin, left-right kha a predict ve theih loh a ni.
A dang leh chu Information Paradox kha a ni a, Quantumn Field theory in min kawh hmun dan chuan, quantum fields te hian chakna thahrui tam tak an keng tela, a field a len leh a energy ken tel kha a chak ve zel a ni, E=MC2 ah khan, Mass leh Energy hi a in zat tih a ni a, thil lian tham lutuk ah phei chuan,a quantum field a chakna kha a tam lutuk avangin Black Hole a siam thei a ni.
Tichuan, Relativity in a zirtirna ah chuan, Thil engpawh Black Hole in a pawt lut a nih chuan, Information kha a bo vek a ni(mass,charge leh momentum tel loin). Information a bo chuan Time-Reversibility kha kan hlauh tihna a ni bawk a ni. QM ve thung chuan Time Reverse kha a awm thei tur a ni, tiin, Black hole hian Information a ti bo theilo a ti ve thunga. Engpawh ni se he paradox hi chu Hawkings a khan “Hawkings Radiation’ kan tih ah khan a rawn chingfel thawkhat tawh niin a lang.
Engpawh chu nise, Quantumn Mechanics leh Relativity a buaina tamtak chingfel tur chuan Quantumn Theory of Gravity hi a pawimawh ta em2 a, tun dinhmuna kan Science & Technology te hian chhui chhuak thei ang maw…. CERN a LHC ah hian kan in nghat deuh thrup tawh niin a lang.
Engpawh chu nise, Quantumn Mechanics leh Relativity a buaina tamtak chingfel tur chuan Quantumn Theory of Gravity hi a pawimawh ta em2 a, tun dinhmuna kan Science & Technology te hian chhui chhuak thei ang maw…. CERN a LHC ah hian kan in nghat deuh thrup tawh niin a lang.
Ref:-
Einstein Relativity & Everyday Life by Clifford M Will
Einstein Theory of Special Relativity by Elizabeth Howell
In The Early Einstein, Early Philosophical Interpretation of General Relativity, Staford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(C.P from Jeremy)
Einstein Relativity & Everyday Life by Clifford M Will
Einstein Theory of Special Relativity by Elizabeth Howell
In The Early Einstein, Early Philosophical Interpretation of General Relativity, Staford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(C.P from Jeremy)