MATERIALS FOR N.E.O (Non Edible Oil) SOAP MAKING:
1.Boiling pan
(a chhumna),
2.Full boiling pan
(sahbawn tihthianghlimna),
3.Stirrel(a chawhna),
4.Mould
(a dahna kuang),
5.Beaummeter,
6.weighting balance
(wire with two hooks),
7.Wire brush,
8.Cutting machine,
9.Stamping machine,
10.Tray thermometer,
11.Funnel,
12.Sealing machine,
13.Soap cutting wire,
14.Card board,
15.Caustic lye tank,
16.Filter cloth,
17.Rubber shoe,
18.Rubber
hand glove,
19.Water tank,
20.Bucket, etc.
RAW MATERIALS FOR SOAP MAKING:
1.Non edible oil (NEO),
2.Caustic soda,
3.Sodium silicate,
4.Acid slurry(foam booster),
5.Soap stone powder,
6.Colour,
7.Perfume.
OIL CHI HRANG HRANG TE:
1. FIXED OIL: He hriak hi rannung leh thlai atang te a lak ani a, sahbawn siam nana an hman ber a ni. He oil hi hmun thum ah then a ni a. Chungte chu:
(1)Drying oil: He oil hi rawng leh varnish siam na atan an hmang ber, oil tui ril chi a ni. Eg. tung seed, soyabeen, etc.
(2)Semi-Drying oil: He oil hi sahbawn siam nana hman ber a ni a, oil tui ril chi bawk a ni. Eg. cotton seed, castrol, etc.
(3) Non-Drying oil: Hei pawh hi sahbawn siam nan ber hman a ni. He oil hi a sakhat chi a ni. Eg. mohua, neem, coconut, etc.
2. ESSENTIAL OIL: He oil hi sahbawn siam nan a hman theih loh a, chhuan lum in a tuiril thei a ni. Eg. sandal wood, human grass, etc.
3. MINERAL OIL: He oil hi lei atanga laih chhuah/lak chhuah a ni a, Sahbawn siam nan a hman theih loh. Eg. k.oil, petrol, etc.
OIL EI LOH CHI TANGKAINA:
India ramah hian oil ei loh chi 98 vel a awm a. Kan ram hi oil ei loh chiah kan hausa em em a; tuman hmasawn nan kan hmang lem lova. Chutih lai chuan K.V.I chuan kan changkan theih nan leh hma kan sawn theih nan industry lam ah hma a rawn la ta a. Tichuan mi sang tam takin an lo beichho ta zel a, an lo changkan phah ta hle a ni. Oil awmna thingte ching uar zelin ramin a lo changkan phah ta hle a ni. Sahbawn siam nan bakah leitha ah te an hmang a, tunah pawh oil ei loh chi loh chuan sahbawn siam phal a ni lo. Hei hi K.V.I thuchhuak a ni.
SAPONIFICATION VALUE:
Oil leh caustic soda in chawhpawlhin sahbawn a siam chhuah chuan chumi in chawhpawlh tawk chu saponification a ni. Saponification value hi sahbawn kan siam turah caustic soda engzat ng kan telh dawn tih kan hriat theihna a ni. Saponification sang chuan thau a nei tlem a, saponification tlem chuan thau a nei tam thung. Saponification value hian sahbawn rit leh zang tur oil ah hian a hril thei a ni. Saponification number tel lovin sahbawn hi a siam theih loh a ni, caustic soda telh zat tur hmuhchhuahna pawimawh tak a ni.
HARDNESS NUMBER:
Sahbawn kan siam dawnin kan oil hman turte a hardness number kan hriat a ngai a. Hardness number hi oil khal zawng tehna a ni. Puansukna sahbawn siamna atan hardness number chu 263 a ni a, inbualna sahbawn siamna atana hardness number chu 275 a ni. Hei hi Dr.Data hmuhchhuah a ni. He number hi englai pawhin a pangngai reng a ni. Nimahsela kan oil hmanah coconut kan telh dawn chuan a hardness number chu 268 a ni tur a ni.
SODIUM SILICATE:
Sodium silicate hi tlak lei leh soda ash hmanga siam a ni a. Hei hi darthlalang fim angtak ani a, chu chu tui hmangin an ti tui a, silicon tha leh tha lo tehna chu Beaummeter a ni a. Beaum meter 40 atanga 50 beaum hi sahbawn siamna atan a tha tawk a ni. Sodium silicate hi chi hnih a awm a:
(1)Natural silicate leh
(2)Alkaline silicate te an ni.
Natural silicate hi sahbawn siam nan atha ber a, silicate hi sahbawn hlawm nghettu leh tirit tu a ni.
FILLING AGENT:
Hei hi thil pawimawh tak ani. Kan sahbawn siam titamtu leh senso (expenditure) ti tlemtu tur atana tih a ni. Sahbawn kan siam chuan telh ngei ngei tur a ni. Eg. soap stone powder, etc.
CAUSTIC SODA:
Caustic soda hi NaOH (sodium hydroxide) a ni a, Soda Ash atanga siam ani.
Caustic soda leh oil kan chawhpawlh hian sahbawn kan siam thei a. Caustic soda hi mihring tan a hlauhawm em em a, a lawnga khawih chuan taksa pawh a ei/kang thei a ni. Sahbawn siam nana tui nen kan chawhpawlh dawn pawhin fimkhurtakin kan ti tur a ni. Caustic soda hi sahbawna bal tifaitu ber a ni.
PREPARATION OF CAUSTIC SODA:
Caustic soda hi a hlang chuan a hman theih lova tui nen chawhpawlha tih tui vek tur a ni. Hemi tui nena a in chawhpawlh hi Caustic Lye a ni. He caustic lye hi tui nen a in chawh pawlh tawk em tih en angai a, chumi en nan chuan Beammeter an hmang thin. Tui nen a in chawhpawlh tawk loh chuan oil nen a chawhpawlhin sahbawn a siam that theih loh. Chumi in chawhpawlh tawk chu 30 beam a ni tur a ni.
SOAP COLOUR:
Sahbawnah rawng (colour) kan telhin sahbawn a ti itawm a, chutiang bawkin a rawng pawh kan thlan thiam a ngai hle a ni. Kan sahbawn siam a zirin a rawng pawh kan thlan thiam angai a ni. Sahbawn rawng chi hrang hrangte chu:
1.White: zinc oxide, tetarium dioxide hydros.
2.Yellow: floresin yellow, soap yellow colour.
3.Red: phodemia, cardinan red, soap red.
4.Pink: erethrocyne.
5.Green: chrome green,utromarine green,soap green.
6.Blue: methyleneblue, litromarine blue.
Sahbawn rawng hi tui nen emaw oil nen emaw chawhpawlh a ngai a, a telh hmain uluk taka chawhpawlh tur a ni. Sahbawn rawng kan telh dawnin kan sahbawn chhuan kha 40 degree Celcius vel a ni tur a ni.
PERFUME:
Sahbawn hi oil emaw fat emaw atanga siam a ni a. Oil emaw fat emaw chu a rimtui kher lova, chumi tih rimtui nan chuan perfume kan telh a ngai a ni. Perfume kan telh hian oil rimchhe tak pawhin sahbawn a ti rimtui thei a ni. Insukna sahbawnah chuan an telh meuh lo, inbualna sahbawnah an telh deuh ber. Perfume a telh chi lar zual te chu:
1.Lemon grass,
2.Sitromeld oil,
3.Geronium oil,
4.Vertihest oil,
5.Coroway oil,
6.Rose mary oil,
7.Oil eucaliptus,
8.Oil thyme.
Perfume hi sahbawn kan siam
dawnah(mould a kan
ruah chhuah dawnah) telh tur a ni. Oil hi bawlhhlawh nawi leng vel leh vaivut te in a ti bawlhhlawh thin. Oil chu tin emaw bronze lam emaw tanks ah emaw barel ah emaw kan dah tha thei ang, amaherawh chu chhin tha tak a nei tur a ni. Oil chhin loha kan dah hian oxygen a luta, chumi boruak atang chuan rimchhia a insiam thin a. A rim chhiatna chhan chu tui a ken tel vang a ni. Tin, oil sawrnaah oil chhia atel avangin a rim chhe thei bawk. Sahbawn tih hi thil al leh thau emaw oil leh tui chawhpawlh chuan a siam a ni a. Sahbawn siam nan hian oil chi khat chauh an hmang ngai lova. Oil pathum emaw pa li emaw chawhpawlhin sahbawn tha tak a siam theih a ni.
SAHBAWN CHI HRANG TE:
1.MILT SOAP: Hei hi khawl hmanga siam a ni.
2.NON-MILT SOAP: Hei hi industry te (small industry) thingtlangah te an siam hi a ni.
Sahbawn chi hrang hrang te chu:
1.Washing soap,
2.Toilet soap,
3.Liguid soap,
4.Gelly soap,
5.Soft soap,
6.Megrigated soap.
OIL CHART:
Sl no. | Oil names | Hardness Number | Saponification Number |
1. | castrol | 108 | 180 |
2. | coconut | 333.2 | 250 |
3. | Cotton seed | 206 | 192 |
4. | dhupa | 351 | 190 |
5. | groundnut | 196 | 193 |
6. | karanja | 207 | 180 |
7. | kussum | 330 | 225 |
8. | lineseed | 70.5 | 192 |
9. | mohua | 276 | 192 |
10. | muttontallow | 331 | 195 |
11. | mustard | 87 | 174 |
12. | neem | 260 | 198 |
13. | Nahor | 198.4 | 202 |
14. | Palm oil | 294 | 200 |
15. | Palm fatty | 313 | 250 |
16. | rosin | 316.4 | 170 |
17. | ricebran | 125.4 | 180 |
18. | ratnajyati | 281 | 192 |
19. | soyabeen | 133 | 192 |
20. | kundi | 227 | 198 |
2 21. | tungseed | 70 | 192.3 |
SAHBAWN SIAM DAWNA BAWLHLO NGAI ZAT CHHUT CHHUAH DAN:
Sahbawn siam nana oil kan hmantur te kha an hardness number leh saponification value te kan hriat a ngai a. Tichuan hardness number atanga chhutin kan oil hman tur kha a percent kan la anga, chumi percent kan lak leh a hardness number kha kan puntir anga. Chumi kan puntir chhuak chu kan belh khawm ang a, chumi chu 263 a ni tur a ni (hei hi washing soap ah chauh hman tur a ni).
Entirnan:
(oil names)
(hardness number) (x% )
Mutton
331×69% =228.39
Castrol
108×24% =25.92
Ricebran
125× 7% = 8.75
TOTAL
100% =263.06
Tichuan a hardness percent ringin hardness number aiah saponification number kan hmang ang a. Tichuan saponification number leh a percent kan puntir leh ang a. Chumi puntir chhuak chu kan belh khawm ang a. Panga in kanpuntir ang a, pasarihin kan sem leh ang. Chumi chhuak unit chu gram a lo ni ang.
(oil names)
(saponification number)(x%)
Mutton
331× 69% =134.55
Castrol
180×24% =43.2
Ricebran
180×7% =12.6
TOTAL =190.35
Gram ah chantirin,
190.35×5/ 7 = 135gram
Oil tina (x%) kan neih zat theuh atang khan kan sahbawn siam duh zat kan hriatna tur chuan 10 theuhin kan puntir leh ang a, tichuan 1 kg a kan oil hman zat tur kan hre thei ang.
(oil names) (x% × 10)
Mutton 69 × 10 =690
Castol 24 × 10 =240
Ricebran 7 × 10 =70
TOTAL =1000gram
=1kg
Tichuan 1kg a kan oil hman tur kan chhut chhuah tawh chuan sahbawn kan chhuan theih zat tur kg in kan puntir anga 1000 in kan sem leh ang a, kan oil hman tur zat chu a kg in a lo chhuak mai ang.
Oil 5kg lo chhuang dawn ila,
(oil names)
(x%×10× 5kg / 1000)
Mutton
69×10×5/1000 =3.45kg
Castrol
24×10×5/1000 =1.2kg
Ricebran
7×10×5/1000 =0.35kg
TOTAL = 5kg
Caustic soda telh zat tur chhut nan oil tina (x%) kan neih zat theuh leh oil saponification number kan puntir ang a. A belhkhawm zat chu panga in kan puntir leh ang a, pasarihin kan sem leh ang. A chhuak zat unit chu gram a lo ni ang.
(oil names)
(x%)(saponification number)
Mutton
69%×331 =228.39
Castrol
24% ×180 =43.2
Ricebran
7% ×180 =12.6
TOTAL =284.16
Gram ah kan chantir leh ang,
284.16 × 5 / 7 =202.97gram
Oil 5 Kg a telh zat tur,
202.97 × 5 =1014gram
Custicsoda a tui pawlh zat tur kan hriat theih nan pathum in kan puntir leh ang.
1014 × 3 =3042gram
Sodium silicate kan telh dawn in kan oil hman zat tur 40% kan telh ang.
5 × 40/100 =2kg
Acid slurry kan telh dawn in kan oil hman zat tur 2% kan telh leh ang.
5 × 2/100 =0.1kg
SAHBAWN CHHUM DAN/SIAM DAN HRANG HRANG TE:
1.COLD PROCESS: Cold process a sahbawn siam tur hian oil emaw fat emaw a rawng nalh deuh thlan ve a ngai a. Oil kha sahbawn siamna bel emaw boiling pan ah kan dah ang a. Caustic lye nen kan chawhpawlh ang a, a chawhpswlh that hnuah mould ah kan dah leh ang a. A khal hnuah kan cut thei tawh ang.
2.SEMI-BOILING PROCESS: Semi-Boiling Process hi Full-Boiling Process te aiin a awlsam em em a. Oil emaw fat emaw kan duh zat kan chutchuak ang a. Bukna hmangin dik takin kan buk chhuak ang a. Chu chu a chhuanna belah kan dah ang. Oil sakhat kan dah hmasa ber ang a kan chhuan tui hnuah oil dang kan telh leh ang. Kan oil chhuan chu 60˚C anih hunah caustic lye kan telh leh ang. Caustic lye kan telh dawn hian fimkhur a ngai hle a kan mit tan te a hlauhawm a ni. Caustic lye kan telh zawh hunah uluk takin kan chawhpawlh ang a.
A in chawhpwlh that hunah heng hmang te hian kan test thei ang:
(a)Kan sahbawn siam chu chemte/hmawlh hmangin kan zuk thai vak ang a, sahbawn chu a fan chhuah a ribbon ang a nih chuan a tha ani.
(b)Oil chhuan khang kha a in ang khat vek tur a ni a. I kut zungtangin pir la i kutah zuk chawhpawlh la tha taka a ro theih chuan a insiam tha a ni. Adawtah sodium silicate kan telh ang a, acid slurry kan telh leh ang a. Colour leh perfume te kan telh leh ang.Tha taka kan chawhpawlh hnuah mould ah kan ruak chhuak leh ang a, chu chu ni hnih thum hnuah kan cut ang a; stamp leh a tuam te nen kan ti thei tawh ang. Full-Boiling Process leh Mixed Process te pawh ala awm a. Hemi dan hi washing soap ah chuan an hman pui ber ani.
(a)A hmanrua angai tlem.
(b)Thawktu a duh tlem a, thing
pawh a hek lo bawk.
FRAMING AND MOULDING:
Sahbawn chu a lo daiha a lo khang theih nan mould ah kan dah ang a. Chu chu ni hnih atanga ni li hnuah lak chhuah tur a ni. A awmna boruak a zirin a khang harin a khang hma thin. Mould chu kuang kil awmze nei a thir emaw thing emaw hmanga a sir hawn theiha siam tur a ni. Sahbawn lak chhuah awlsam nan.
CUTTING:
Mould atanga kan lak chhuah hunah kan Dics milin wire a vawnna pahnih awm hmangin kan cut bung phawt anga, chu mi hnuah cutting machine ah kan disc mil leh a size tur angin kan cut te leh ang.
STAMPING LEH WRAPPING:
A tawk tura sahbawn cut sa kha stamping machine ah kan dah anga. A disc ah sahbawn a kai loh nan brush in tui emaw oil emaw a khat tawk in kan hnawih reng tur a ni. Kan sahbawn stamp chu vawi khat atanga vawi thum thleng kan stamp nawn tur a ni. Kan stamp nawn hian sahbawn a hlawm muk in sahbawn a ti mam nalh a ni. Kan sahbawn stamp chu a ro that hunah a tuamna tur (wrapping paper) in uluk takin kan tuam tawh ang.
(Source:2nd Batch,
NEO Soap Making
Trade 2006,
Multi Displinary
Training Centre,
Zemabawk, Aizawl,
Mizoram)